Voices of women and girls enslaved in war

Survivors of the LRA in Uganda speak out on violence, captivity and healing

By Isabelle Masson
Published: June 12, 2019

A woman is holding a baby, while four men in army fatigues stand beside and behind her. They are all standing in front of a forest, posed for the camera. Partially obscured.

Photo: Erin Baines

Story text

Grace Acan and Evelyn Amony were abducted by the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) in Uganda when they were just girls. They were enslaved and spent years in captivity, away from their families. They managed to find their way back to freedom but have faced many new struggles since they returned home. 

The Museum’s exhibit Ododo Wa: Stories of Girls in War features the stories of Grace and Evelyn, told from their perspectives and in their own voices. Their courage, resilience and spirit in the face of adversity are highlighted through images, text, artifacts, animated films and interviews. “Ododo Wa” means “our stories” in their language, Acholi—a dialect of the Luo‐speaking peoples of Eastern Africa.

We never stopped thinking about coming home.

Grace Acan

Women’s and girls’ stories are crucial to understanding what makes and sustains wars. Their experiences reveal important dimensions of conflicts that are too often ignored. While sexual violence is commonly seen as an unfortunate consequence of conflict, it is in fact often a central strategy of war. In Uganda, the LRA waged war against the government for over 20 years, from the mid‐1980s onward. Tens of thousands of children were abducted and forced into the ranks of the rebel army led by military and spiritual leader Joseph Kony. These children received military training and were forced to carry heavy loads of ammunition and other material through bush and mountains, walking for days on end with little food or water. In captivity, they constantly faced violence from both the rebels and the Ugandan army hunting the LRA across northern Uganda and South Sudan. Teenage girls, like Grace and Evelyn, served as soldiers and were forced into conjugal slavery. This meant that they had to serve as wives to LRA commanders and fighters, and were forced to have children with these “bush husbands” to build what Kony saw as a new and pure Acholi nation. 

Grace’s story

Grace Acan was abducted from St. Mary’s College, an all‐girl Catholic boarding school in Aboke, northern Uganda, at the age of 16. She was among the 139 girls between the age of 13 and 16 kidnapped from one of the school dormitories by rebel soldiers in October 1996. Grace was a determined student, who excelled in science and English. She dreamt of independence and planned on becoming a nurse. In LRA captivity, she was enslaved and told to forget about her studies and family.

In the LRA, they favoured men. There’s that culture, that men are the rulers. They have the power to make a choice or to do what they want. Women had no voice. And this was opposite from what I was growing to be.

Grace Acan

Grace was treated with suspicion because of her level of education and ability to speak English. Not only were her freedoms taken from her, Grace was forced to marry a commander old enough to be her father and had two of his children – one of whom was later killed in a military ambush. 

A newspaper clipping with the headline “Wife flees”.
Grace Acan’s mother found out about her daughter’s escape from this press clipping of the Ugandan newspaper New Vision, 2004. Photo: National Memorial and Peace Documentation Centre, Refugee Law Project, Komakech Deo Okot

Grace spent eight long years in captivity before she was finally able to escape. Her family welcomed her, along with her 14‐month‐old daughter. Grace soon returned to school, but she struggled to reintegrate into her community.

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Two women are standing in front of tropical trees, looking at each other and smiling. The woman on the right is wearing a sweater that bears the logo of the Concerned Parents Association.

Grace Acan (left) with her mother Consy Ogwal, Uganda, 2004. Ogwal’s shirt bears the logo of the Concerned Parents Association, which advocated tirelessly for the release of children abducted by the Lord’s Resistance Army. Ogwal never stopped searching for her daughter.

Photo: Lara Rosenoff Gauvin
Hands with blue protective gloves are holding a paperback book open to a page on a table. Another person’s hand is pointing to something in the open book. Another book also sits on the table, as well as a metal box and lid.

Two of three books from St. Mary’s College library that will be displayed in the exhibit. As a teenager, Grace loved to read romance novels in her spare time. These books fed her romantic ideals and optimism about the future.

Photo: CMHR, Aaron Cohen
An art piece that appears to be made out of stone and clay. A man with a gun stands in the middle, with girls on their knees all around him. Another man stands with his hands behind his back, as if handcuffed, and a woman wearing a white outfit kneels in front of the man with a gun, praying.

Monument commemorating the abduction of 139 girls from St. Mary’s College, Aboke, Uganda, 2017. The college’s deputy head mistress, Sister Rachele Fassera, is depicted pleading with LRA soldiers for the release of the students. 109 students were released that day, but 30 students, including Grace, remained captive.

Photo: Conjugal Slavery in War project, Véronique Bourget
Two women are sitting on the ground together near a wall inside a building. One is holding a baby and taking a white object from a third woman. A young girl stands next to the third woman.

Grace (first from left) reuniting with her family after her escape from the LRA, Lira, Uganda, 2004. Her 14‐month old daughter, who was born in captivity, sits on her lap.

Photo: Courtesy of Grace Acan
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Evelyn’s story

In 1994, 11‐year‐old Evelyn Amony was walking home to her grandmother’s house after school in when she was abducted by a group of LRA soldiers. Evelyn’s grandmother tried to protect her, pleading with the rebels and defying their orders not to cross a line that they drew in the sand. The soldiers would not be deterred and took her grandchild away.

Life in the LRA was organized into “family” units headed by a commander and a senior wife. Evelyn was enslaved and assigned to the LRA leader’s family, to care for two of his children. Kony referred to Evelyn as his “first born,” acting as a father figure to her in the early stage of her captivity. But soon he forced her to become his wife. Evelyn gave birth to the first of three children with him at the age of 14. In 2005, after 11 years in captivity, Evelyn was captured by government soldiers in a military ambush. She and her 10‐day old baby were almost killed. Evelyn was taken to a rehabilitation centre in Gulu with her two surviving children—one of her daughters disappeared in the chaos of another military ambush. Shortly after returning home, she was asked to take part in peace negotiations between the Ugandan government and the LRA.

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A black and white photograph of a woman holding a baby, while two men in army fatigues stand beside her. They are standing in front of a forest, posed for the camera.

Evelyn Amony and two cousins during peace talks, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2005. Evelyn holds her youngest child, who was born in captivity.

Photo: Erin Baines
Hands with blue protective gloves are spreading apart some green fabric to show bullet holes in the fabric.

A Museum conservation technician showing the damage to the skirt Evelyn was wearing when she was captured by Uganda soldiers during a military ambush in 2005. One of the soldiers shot at Evelyn several times as she held her ten‐day old baby above her head in a show of surrender.

Photo: CMHR, Aaron Cohen
A group of nine people are standing in front of a white background in an outdoor setting, posed for the camera.

Evelyn with a delegation of representatives during the Juba Peace Talks between the Ugandan government and the Lord’s Resistance Army, 2006. 

Photo: Courtesy of Erin Baines
Two women are standing in front of a hut with a straw roof, looking at the camera. The younger woman on the right is smiling and embracing the one on the left.

Evelyn and her grandmother in front of her home in Gulu, 2011. 

Photo: Courtesy of Jodie Martinson
A woman wearing a brown and yellow flowery top is pictured from the waist up, with several people seated behind her in an outdoor setting.

Evelyn leading grassroots advocacy work for women and children affected by war, Uganda, 2016.

Photo: Justice and Reconciliation Project, Patrick Odong
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Returning home after captivity

Girls who were abducted by the LRA grew into women while in captivity. When they returned home, many viewed them as rebels, even though they had been taken and held by force. After all they had gone through at the hands of the LRA, young mothers and their children now faced discrimination and poor treatment back in their own communities. With limited education and support, they struggled to rebuild their lives.

When we returned, we had lost almost everything.

Evelyn Amony

Finding their voices

Through different means, such as drawing the places where they had lived in captivity, survivors began to open up about their traumatic experiences. As the women shared their stories with each other, they found healing and a need to speak up about what had happened and how they, and their children, continued to face adversity.

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A coloured drawing of a camp that includes foliage, huts, pathways, and vehicles.

Drawing by survivor depicting the organization of an LRA camp, 2010–2011.

Photo: Courtesy of Erin Baines
A drawing on weathered parchment of people walking on a hill carrying loads on their heads.

Drawing by survivor depicting the experience of walking for days on end with heavy loads on their heads and babies on their backs, 2010–2011.

Photo: Courtesy of Erin Baines
A green, yellow, and black drawing of a camp that includes foliage, huts, pathways, soldiers, and a truck.

Drawing by survivor depicting an LRA camp with soldiers, 2010–2011.

Photo: Courtesy of Erin Baines
A black and white drawing of a village being attacked. It shows people with guns, an airplane, a hut on fire, a river and a bush.

Drawing by Evelyn Amony depicting her abduction, 2010–2011. Her grandmother’s home was set on fire by soldiers.

Photo: Courtesy of Erin Baines
A coloured drawing of a camp that includes foliage, huts, and pathways. A large heart is seen close to the top of the drawing.

Drawing by survivor depicting an LRA camp in Nesitu, South Sudan, 2010–2011. Evelyn and Grace were taken to South Sudan after their abduction, which made escape nearly impossible. 

Photo: Courtesy of Erin Baines
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In 2008, Evelyn and Grace co‐founded the Ugandan Women’s Advocacy Network with other survivors. Today, the organization represents 900 women. From their perspectives, justice includes much‐needed reparations for survivors such as access to healthcare, financial compensation, access to land ownership, education, vocational training and the recognition of inheritance rights for children born in captivity.

Many of us have children, so we really need to focus on the stability of our members – their ability to lead better life, look after their children and, of course, hope for the future.

Evelyn Amony

In 2015, Evelyn published her memoir I am Evelyn Amony: Reclaiming My Life from the Lord’s Resistance Army. Grace followed suit in 2017 with her own memoir Not Yet Sunset: A Story of Survival and Perseverance in LRA Captivity

An exhibit to amplify their voices

The Museum is currently presenting an exhibit about these stories and experiences called Ododo Wa: Stories of Girls in War“Ododo Wa” was the title of the storytelling initiative of the Ugandan Justice and Reconciliation Project that originally brought Grace, Evelyn and other women together. “Ododo wa” translates as “our stories” but it can also be used to refer to stories or tales told to children.

Ododo Wa: Stories of Girls in War amplifies Grace and Evelyn’s unique voices and perspectives. Our goal in selecting images and artifacts, writing exhibit text and creating films is to let their hopes and dreams, courage, strength, voice and agency shine through. Bright colours and hand‐made drawings evoke these meanings and shape a story that is ultimately one of healing and advocacy for justice.

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An illustration of a blue shirt made with one squiggly line.

Image from an animated film showing a blue sweater evocative of Grace Acan’s school uniform, representing her passion for her studies and hope for the future.

Illustration: CMHR, Maggie Ikemiya
An illustration of blue rectangles and white triangles.

Image from an animated film representing the dormitory where Grace and other students were abducted in the middle of the night. The white triangles evoke the flashlights used by Lord’s Resistance Army soldiers.

Illustration: CMHR, Maggie Ikemiya
A black and white illustration of what appears to be an explosion, with a blue line shooting outwards from the blast.

Image from an animated film showing a thread of Grace’s blue sweater escaping the violence of the LRA.

Illustration: CMHR, Maggie Ikemiya
An illustration of a thick, straight blue line with thinner grey and black lines twisting around it.

Image from an animated film showing a thread of Grace’s blue sweater that is made stronger by other threads, symbolizing the strength that she and other survivors found in sharing their stories with each other.

Illustration: CMHR, Maggie Ikemiya
An illustration of a woman with a red dress pointing at some shadowed figures holding guns.

Image from an animated film showing Evelyn Amony’s grandmother standing up to the LRA soldiers at the time of her abduction.

Illustration: CMHR, Maggie Ikemiya
An illustration of people walking in a line followed by someone pointing a gun at them. The ground curves up, around, and behind them and turns into a hand that appears ready to hold everyone.

Image from an animated film evoking LRA captivity.

Illustration: CMHR, Maggie Ikemiya
An illustration of an adult and children behind bushes, and shadowy figures with guns on the other side of the bushes.

Image from an animated film showing Evelyn and her children in the bush during LRA captivity.

Illustration: CMHR, Maggie Ikemiya
An illustration of several women standing in a line holding hands.

Image from an animated film showing Evelyn (in green) joining hands with other women to advocate for survivors.

Illustration: CMHR, Maggie Ikemiya
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Animation is used for creative storytelling and to ensure the content is accessible to a wide audience, including younger people. We are pleased to share the first few seconds of a film that is presented in the exhibit. The opening of Grace’s film shows a blue thread forming into a school uniform. The thread is made stronger by other threads, representing the survivors who joined together to form an advocacy organization.

Video: Grace's film (excerpt)

Ododo Wa: Stories of Girls in War has been developed in close collaboration with Grace and Evelyn, and with Conjugal Slavery in War (CSiW), a project that brings together researchers and grassroots advocacy organizations from Canada, the Democratic Republic of Congo, England, Liberia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Africa and Uganda. CSiW captures a part of history that is far too often overlooked by documenting cases of forced marriage and conjugal slavery in conflict situations. In partnership with CSiW, we hope to tour the exhibit across Uganda and other countries so that it may serve as a catalyst for grassroots community dialogue on the issues of sexual violence in conflict, and justice and reparations for war‐affected women and their children. 

Ododo Wa: Stories of Girls in War can be seen in the Rights Today gallery on Level 5 until November 2023.

Ask yourself

  • How can I take action on the issue of sexual violence in conflict?

  • What can I learn by paying attention to women’s and girls’ experiences of war?

  • What does justice for war‐affected girls and women mean?

Suggested citation

Suggested citation : Isabelle Masson. “Voices of women and girls enslaved in war.” Canadian Museum for Human Rights. Published June 12, 2019. https://humanrights.ca/story/voices-women-and-girls-enslaved-war

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